Most of us take for granted the human body’s ability to maintain and regulate temperature (maintaining this equilibrium is part of what’s called homeostasis). We all sweat when we’re warm and shiver when we’re cold, but the physiologic picture becomes more complex for elders, whose bodies may lose their ability to self-regulate temperature effectively.

The results of overexposure to heat can be severe, and may include:
• heat exhaustion
• dehydration
• cardiovascular problems
• unconsciousness
• and even death

Elders are also more likely to have pre-existing medical conditions that may exacerbate the negative effects of heat exposure.  Some prescription medications can also negatively affect the body’s ability to regulate and maintain a stable temperature. Combine these risks, and it’s easy to see why seniors and their caregivers should be especially vigilant for signs of heat-related illness. Other risk factors include obesity, use of non-prescribed drugs, and alcohol use.

Spotting the Signs of Heat Stress Early

One way to address the increased risk for heat-related illness among elders is to understand the physiologic signs. These may include:

• Heat rash — a mild skin irritation caused by excessive perspiration.
• Muscle cramps — often caused by loss of critical electrolytes (such as sodium and potassium), often as a side-effect of dehydration.
• Heat exhaustion (or heat stroke) — when perspiration fails to cool the body adequately, body temperature can rise quickly to dangerous levels. Symptoms include throbbing headache, rapid pulse, shallow breathing, body temp > 103ºF, nausea, confusion, muscle twitches, loss of consciousness, and seizures. If untreated, heat sickness can be fatal.
  

Preventing Heat-related Illness among Seniors

Heat-related illness does not require extreme temperatures. It can occur during what most would consider a pleasant summer day, if other conditions (such as dehydration or pre-existing health problems) are present. So while one person may be asymptomatic, another may already be exhibiting signs of heat-related stress.
So how can you help prevent heat-related health problems before they occur? Here are some tips you use as a guide…

• Stay hydrated. Hydration is a key weapon in the fight against heat-related health problems. Dehydration can result in electrolyte imbalances (depleted sodium and potassium levels) and can greatly exacerbate the effects of heat sickness. Adults should consume 5 to 6 8oz glasses of water (not coffee, alcohol, or sweetened soft drinks) daily.
• Keep your body cool. When air-conditioning isn’t an option, it’s important to take other measures to keep your body cool. These can include: wearing light clothing (cotton or linen), keeping sources of fresh air open, and using fans to circulate stagnant air.
• Avoid strenuous activities. Physical activity demands more energy and raises body temperature. Don’t attempt strenuous exercise or work during the hottest part of the day.
• Take a cool shower or bath. One quick way to reduce body temperature is to take a cool (not cold) shower or bath. Lightly towel dry or air dry afterward to allow for maximal body cooling.

How Home Care Can Help

Today, many independently living seniors are turning to in-home caregivers to help them manage their daily lives. A caregiver can help monitor each client’s health by…

• Preparing nutritious meals
• Ensuring healthy water consumption
• Checking that all prescription meds are taken as directed
• Assisting with bathing
• Assisting in dressing (e.g., choosing clothes appropriate to the weather)

An in-home caregiver also serves as another set of eyes—someone who knows what’s “normal” for your loved one, and can easily spot signs of dehydration or heat illness before they become severe.

We hope you find this article helpful. If you or someone you know is an independently living senior, contact 5 Star Home Care today and discover how in-home care can promote healthy living and increase quality of life. We’re eager to hear from you. Please contact us today.

5 Star Home Care serves the Philadelphia metro area, including Bucks, Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery Counties. Contact us today, and discover what peace of mind feels like.

The post Heat Risk Among the Elderly—How Hot Is Too Hot? appeared first on 5 Star Home Care.

Under-diagnosis of depression can lead to insufficient treatment and to an increase in symptom severity; however, over-diagnosis may mean that patients receive unneeded medications, which may have adverse side-effects. For this reason, it is particularly important to learn to recognize the symptoms of depression, Alzheimer’s, and dementia to identify each disorder by differential diagnosis.

Depression, Alzheimer’s, and Dementia: Shared Symptoms

One challenge to clinicians, professional caregivers, and family members are the similarities between depression, Alzheimer’s, and dementia symptoms. Among seniors, early-stage dementia, Alzheimer’s, and depression can result in:

• Memory deficits
• Withdrawal from social life
• Loss of interest in family, hobbies, etc.
• Inability to concentrate for sustained periods
• Changes in sleep patterns (over- or under-sleeping)

Reaching a complete and accurate diagnosis often depends on going beyond these initial observations and looking deeper into an individual’s complete clinical picture.

Recognizing Dementia or Alzheimer’s

While the causes of cognitive decline among seniors are not fully understood, common symptoms can include:

• Memory loss
• Confusion
• Difficulty in performing activities of daily living (cooking, dressing, bathing, toileting).

Worsening cognitive decline can prove frustrating and disheartening to those with dementia or Alzheimer’s—making it harder for them to keep up with conversations, remember daily routines, make shopping lists, follow recipes, etc. Together, feelings of frustration or disconnection can have negative effects on mood, often spawning depressive episodes. While depressive episodes among seniors with dementia or Alzheimer’s may be less severe or of shorter duration, they should be taken seriously in any care plan.

Recognizing Depression

Unlike dementia and Alzheimer’s, depression is a mood disorder, with symptoms that are largely identified via a person’s affect. Depression sufferers tend to exhibit similar symptoms, which may include:
• Persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness
• Persistent feelings of worthlessness
• Loss of pleasure in daily activities or interests
• Social isolation
• Reduced appetite or food consumption
• Sleep disturbances
• Agitation or irritability
• Fatigue
• Suicidal thoughts
Understanding these symptoms and learning to recognize them can help guide informed treatment decisions.

Confounding Factors

Reaching a clear diagnosis can often be confounded by other factors. These can include an elder’s prior medical history, lack of proper nutrition, and unanticipated interactions between prescribed medications.  In addition, dementia, Alzheimer’s, and depression can present concomitantly in the same patient, making diagnosis more challenging. And many patients with more advanced dementia or Alzheimer’s may find it difficult to articulate their feelings. Taken together, these factors emphasize the need to evaluate an individual’s complete clinical picture when refining a diagnosis. 

How an In-Home Caregiver Can Help

As we age, we often need assistance in performing daily tasks such as shopping or preparing meals. An in-home caregiver can help independently living seniors meet these challenges in an autonomous setting. Plus, an in-home caregiver has the opportunity to observe each client in the comfortable and familiar surroundings of the home.

An aide can see how each client performs daily activities and can assess areas in need of help. For example, a home caregiver may notice that a client has lost interest in reading or knitting. They may notice food going spoiled in the fridge, or appointments missed on the calendar. These markers can help build a complete picture of the client’s daily life, mood, and cognitive challenges. From this unique viewpoint, an in-home caregiver can provide invaluable support, as well as keeping family members and medical personnel informed of any changes in a client’s mood or cognitive abilities. 

We hope you find this article helpful. At 5 Star Home Care, we remain committed to supporting both the physical and emotional needs of each client we serve. If you or someone you love is an independently living senior in need of in-home assistance, we’re here to help. 

5 Star Home Care serves the Philadelphia metro area, including Bucks, Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery Counties. Contact us today, and discover what peace of mind feels like. Contact us today.

The post Depression Masking Dementia—Recognizing the Signs appeared first on 5 Star Home Care.

Causes of Dehydration among Seniors

To understand how best to prevent and treat dehydration in elders, it’s important to identify potential causes. Water depletion can be caused by fever, diabetes insipidus, essential hypernatremia (increased sodium levels), hypodipsia (decreased thirst), and other factors. Dehydration can be complicated by electrolyte loss that may result from diuretic medications, renal salt wastage, adrenal insufficiency, vomiting or diarrhea, excessive sweating, or even burns.

It’s also important to note that elders can perceive thirst differently than their younger counterparts. Simply “not feeling thirsty” is often cited as a reason that elders report low water intake that can lead to dehydration. And the less body fluids there are, the lower the kidney function—a dangerous cycle if left unchecked. Understanding these factors can help clinicians, home care aides, and family members prevent dehydration before it becomes a serious health problem.

Symptoms of Dehydration

Spotting the symptoms of dehydration early can help prevent more severe consequences if left unnoticed.

Mild symptoms include:

• Dry mouth
• Thickened saliva
• Difficulty passing urine
• Darkened urine
• Constipation,
• Cramping of limb muscles
• Weakness, sleepiness, and irritability.

If dehydration is left untreated, it can result in more severe effects, such as:

• Low blood pressure,
• Gastrointestinal bloating
• Rapid pulse and respiration
• Loss of skin elasticity
• Convulsions

Dehydration, UTI’s, and Dementia

Among patients with existing cognitive deficits, a fluid or electrolyte imbalance can be complicated by a urinary tract infection (UTI). Seniors with dementia often experience a spike in cognitive symptoms when they develop a concurrent UTI. Increased rates of confusion, disorientation, memory loss, and even combativeness have been seen in cognitively impaired seniors suffering from a UTI. Fortunately, antibiotic treatment over 5–10 days usually stops the UTI, and results in a return of cognitive health following treatment.

Preventing Dehydration—How Much Water is Healthy?

As a general rule, divide a person’s body weight in pounds by 3 to yield the amount of water (in ounces) that they should consume daily. For example, a 150-pound person (150 divided by 3 = 50) should consume approximately 50 ounces of water—or about 6 8-ounce cups—daily.

If your loved one isn’t consuming a sufficient amount of water daily, don’t panic. Water isn’t our only hydration source. Fruits, juices, puddings, and even power drinks like Gatorade can help maintain fluid and electrolyte levels without dramatically increasing drinking water intake.

The Role of Home Care

Independently living seniors can handle many of the challenges that life throws at them. But sometimes a little guidance and assistance are required. A visiting or live-in home care aide can help keep your loved one healthy and hydrated by:

– Gently promoting healthy water consumption

– Ensuring that fruits and other alternate water sources are available and fresh

– Checking medication dosing to ensure compliance with any anti-UTI meds

– Staying alert to any changes in behavior or cognition.

– Notifying healthcare professionals of any signs of progressive illness. 

5 Star Home Care serves the Philadelphia metro area, including Bucks, Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery Counties. 

Contact us today, and discover what peace of mind feels like. That’s why we work closely with each family to ensure that your loved ones get the compassionate care they need. If you or someone you know is an independently living senior who may need assistance in performing their daily activities, contact us today and discover how we can help.

The post Danger of Dehydration and UTIs Among Seniors appeared first on 5 Star Home Care.